CV

Education & Qualifications

• Master of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery (MMed ORL-HNS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, in progress
• Intercollegiate Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS), Surgery in General, 2018
• Bachelor of Medicine & Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS), Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 2014
• Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Oncology, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute & Hughes Hall, University of Cambridge, 2013
• Master of Arts (MA), Christ’s College, University of Cambridge, 2011
• Bachelor of Arts (BA)(Hons.), Preclinical Medicine, Medical & Natural Sciences (Pharmacology), Christ’s College, University of Cambridge, 2007

Work Experience

• June 2023 - now: Resident, Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS)
  • School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia
• Aug 2019 - May 2023: Medical Officer, ORL-HNS
  • Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
• 2014 - 2018: Resident, General Surgery
  • Singapore Health Services (SingHealth)
  • Clinical Rotations at Singapore General Hospital, Changi General Hospital & KK Women & Children’s Hospital
• 2008 - 2012: PhD Student
  • Molecular Imaging Group (Magnetic Resonance Imaging & Spectroscopy)
  • Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge
  • Thesis Title: ¹H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging of Tumour Extracellular pH in vivo: The Role of Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CAIX)
  • Supervisor: Professor John R. Griffiths
• January - March 2007: Part II Natural Sciences (Pharmacology) Research Student
  • Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge
  • Supervisor: Professor Anthony P. Davenport
• July - September 2006: Visiting Undergraduate Research Fellow in Medicine
  • Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
  • Supervisor: Professor George L. King
• Jun - August 2005: Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP) Student
  • Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London
  • Supervisor: The late Professor Colin G. Caro

Clinical Observership & Electives

• March 2026: Clinical Observership in Head & Neck Surgical Oncology, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
• May 2014: Medical Student Elective, Head & Neck Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
• October 2013: Medical Student Elective, Head & Heck Surgery, National Cancer Centre Singapore

Academic Honours

• 2025: Lasker Foundation Essay Contest Prize, The Albert & Mary Lasker Foundation, New York City, NY
• 2025: The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh International Travelling Fellowship for Clinical Observership in Head & Neck Surgical Oncology at The Royal Marsden Hospital, London
• 2023: Federal Training Award for Clinical Specialist Training in ORL-HNS, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
• 2023: Elected to Full Membership of Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society
• 2008 - 2012: Cancer Research UK Graduate Studentship at the University of Cambridge
• 2006: Summer Research Studentship, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School
• 2006: Sir Hans Kornberg Research Travel Fellowship, Christ’s College, University of Cambridge
• 2005: Department of Bioengineering Undergraduate Research Opportunities Programme (UROP) Studentship, Imperial College London
• 2005: London City & Guild’s College Association Bursary for Engineering Research
• 2004: Overseas Medical Undergraduate Scholarship, British Top Universities Programme, Public Service Department, Government of Malaysia
• 2004: Honorary Undergraduate Scholarship, Cambridge Commonwealth Trust, University of Cambridge
• 2004: Matriculation (EE) Offer, Christ’s College, University of Cambridge
• 2002: Pre-University GCE A-Level Scholarship at International Education Centre, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Public Service Department, Government of Malaysia
• 2001: Best Student (12 1A), Malaysian Certificate of Education (Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia)

Publications

Artificial intelligence foundation models in healthcare: A Malaysian perspective

Lee SH, Mohamad I. (2026). "Artificial intelligence foundation models in healthcare: A Malaysian perspective." Medical Journal of Malaysia. 81(1):1-5.

Glomangiopericytoma of the Infraorbital Region

Lee SH, Khalid MAF, Ahmad A, Omar N, Ramli RR. (2025). "Glomangiopericytoma of the Infraorbital Region." Head and Neck Pathology. 19(1):101.

IgG4-related disease presenting as central skull base osteomyelitis with deep neck abscesses: A case report

Lee SH, Jaafar R, Misron NA, Yusof Z, Nik Othman NA. (2025). "IgG4-related disease presenting as central skull base osteomyelitis with deep neck abscesses: A case report." Medicine. 104(29):e43351.

Biomedical education in the era of large language models: a paradigm shift

Lee SH. (2025). "Biomedical education in the era of large language models: a paradigm shift." The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 135(14):e196863.

Theatre etiquette Delphi: the development of a guide on professional conduct and best practices in operating environments

El Boghdady M, Hardie J, Brennan PA, TED Collaborative Group. (2026). "Theatre etiquette Delphi: the development of a guide on professional conduct and best practices in operating environments." The Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons on England. 108(2):132-136

Metabolic regulation of the tumour and its microenvironment: The role of Epstein-Barr virus

Lee SH, Khoo ASB, Griffiths JR, Mat Lazim N. (2024). "Metabolic regulation of the tumour and its microenvironment: The role of Epstein-Barr virus." International Journal of Cancer. 156(3):488-498.

Massive immediate post-tracheostomy bleeding from the innominate artery

Mohd Zakir NN, Mohamad I, Lee SH, Yusof Z, Muhammod Riaz Z. (2023). "Massive immediate post-tracheostomy bleeding from the innominate artery." Polish Annals of Medicine. 30(2):157-160.

Author response to: Comment on: Evolution of transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach according to the IDEAL framework

Lee SH, Moorthy R, Nagala S. (2022). "Author response to: Comment on: Evolution of transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach according to the IDEAL framework." British Journal of Surgery. 109(11):e118.

IgG4-Related Disease of the Pharynx with Spontaneous Regression

Lee SH, Jaafar R, Misron NA, Yusof Z. (2022). "IgG4-Related Disease of the Pharynx with Spontaneous Regression." American Journal of Medicine. 135(11):e420-e422.

Evolution of transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach according to the IDEAL framework

Lee SH, Moorthy R, Nagala S. (2015). "Evolution of transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach according to the IDEAL framework." British Journal of Surgery. 109(6):497-502.

Negative Index Metamaterial-Based Frequency-Reconfigurable Textile CPW Antenna for Microwave Imaging of Breast Cancer

Hossain K, Sabapathy T, Jusoh M, Lee SH, Rahman KSA, Kamarudin MR. (2015). "Negative Index Metamaterial-Based Frequency-Reconfigurable Textile CPW Antenna for Microwave Imaging of Breast Cancer." Sensors. 22(4)1626.

Self-reported symptom study of COVID-19 chemosensory dysfunction in Malaysia

Lee SH, Yeoh ZX, Sachlin IS, Gazali N, Soelar SA, Foo CY, Low LL, Alwi SB, Kamalden TM, Shanmuganathan J, Zaid M, Wong CY, Chua HH, Yusuf S, Muhamad D, Devesahayam PR, Ker HB, Salahuddin Z, Mustafa M, Sawali H, Lee HG, Din S, Misnan NA, Mohamed A, Ismail MN, Periasamy C, Chow TS, Krishan EK, Leong CL, Lim LPF, Zaidan NZ, Ibrahim Z, Abd Wahab S, Mohd Hashim SS, Malaysian COVID-19 Anosmia Research Group . (2022). "Self-reported symptom study of COVID-19 chemosensory dysfunction in Malaysia." Scientific Reports. 12(1):2111.

HIF-1-Independent Mechanisms Regulating Metabolic Adaptation in Hypoxic Cancer Cells

Lee SH, Golinska M, Griffiths JR. (2021). "HIF-1-Independent Mechanisms Regulating Metabolic Adaptation in Hypoxic Cancer Cells." Cells. 10(9)2371.

Clinical characteristics and predictors of mortality in patients with melioidosis: the Kapit experience

Toh V, Tee SP, Lee SH. (2021). "Clinical characteristics and predictors of mortality in patients with melioidosis: the Kapit experience." Tropical Medicine & International Health. 26(6):664-671.

How and Why Are Cancers Acidic? Carbonic Anhydrase IX and the Homeostatic Control of Tumour Extracellular pH

Lee SH, Griffiths JR. (2020). "How and Why Are Cancers Acidic? Carbonic Anhydrase IX and the Homeostatic Control of Tumour Extracellular pH." Cancers. 12(6)1616.

Comparing the Utility and Surgical Outcomes of Harmonic Focus Ultrasonic Scalpel with Ligasure Small Jaw Bipolar Device in Thyroidectomies: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

Lee SH, Nguyen TK, Ong WS, Haaland B, Tay GC, Tan NC, Tan HK, Ng JCF, Iyer NG. (2019). "Comparing the Utility and Surgical Outcomes of Harmonic Focus Ultrasonic Scalpel with Ligasure Small Jaw Bipolar Device in Thyroidectomies: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial." Annals of Surgical Oncology. 26(13):4414-4422.

Carbonic anhydrase IX is a pH-stat that sets an acidic tumour extracellular pH in vivo

Lee SH, McIntyre D, Honess, D, Hulikova A, Pacheco-Torres J, Cerdán S,Swietach, P, Harris AL, Griffiths JR. (2018). "Carbonic anhydrase IX is a pH-stat that sets an acidic tumour extracellular pH in vivo." British Journal of Cancer. 119(5):622-630.

Carbonic Anhydrase Activity Monitored In Vivo by Hyperpolarized ¹³C-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Demonstrates Its Importance for pH Regulation in Tumors

Gallagher FA, Sladen H, Kettunen MI, Serrao EM, Rodrigues TB, Wright A, Gill AB, McGuire S, Booth TC, Boren J, McIntyre A, Miller JL, Lee SH, Honess D, Day SE, Hu DE, Howat WJ, Harris AL, Brindle KM (2015). "Carbonic Anhydrase Activity Monitored In Vivo by Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Demonstrates Its Importance for pH Regulation in Tumors." Cancer Research. 75(10):4109-4118.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cancer metabolism and response to therapy

McIntyre DJ, Madhu B, Lee SH, Griffiths JR. (2012). "Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cancer metabolism and response to therapy." Radiation Research. 177(4):398-435.

MRI & MRS assessment of the role of the tumour microenvironment in response to therapy

Bell LK, Ainsworth NL, Lee SH, Griffiths JR. (2011). "MRI & MRS assessment of the tumour microenvironment in response to therapy." NMR in Biomedicine. 24(6):612-35.